Note: Applies to Graphs, Charts, Drawings, Maps, Tables and Photographs
Magazines and Journals
Figure X. Description of the image or title of the image. From "Title of Article," by Article Author's First Initial. Second Initial. Last Name, year, day, (for a magazine) or year (for a journal), Title of Magazine or Journal, volume number, page(s). Copyright year by name of copyright holder.
Note: Information about the image is placed directly below the image in your assignment. If the image has been changed, use "Adapted from" instead of "From" before the source information.
Example:
Figure 1. Man exercising. Adapted from "Yoga: Stretching Out," by A. N. Green, and L. O. Brown, 2006, May 8, Sports Digest, 15, p. 22. Copyright 2006 by Sports Digest Inc.
Websites
Figure x. Description of the image or image title if given. Adapted from "Title of web page," by Author/Creator's First Initial. Second Initial. Last Name if given, publication date if given, Title of Website. Retrieved Month, day, year that you last viewed the website, from url. Copyright date by Name of Copyright Holder.
Note: Information about the image is placed directly below the image in your assignment. If the image has not been changed but simply reproduced use "From" instead of "Adapted from" before the source information.
Example:
| A | B | C |
| 7 | 55 | 9 |
| -- | ~ | ~ |
| iii | == | 66 |
Figure 2. Table of symbols. Adapted from Case One Study Results by G. A. Black, 2006, Strong Online. https://www.strongonline/ casestudies/one.html. Copyright 2010 by G.L. Strong Ltd.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by Note: Interviews and e-mail are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the interview or e-mail.
(First Initial of Person Who Was Interviewed or sent the e-mail. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year interview took place or e-mail was received)
Example: "Infections are often contracted while patients are recovering in the hospital" (J. D. Black, personal communication, May 30, 2013)
Note: If the name of the person who was interviewed is mentioned in the sentence leading into the quote or paraphrased content, you do not need to repeat it in the in-text citation.
Example: J. D. Black explained that "infections are often contracted while patients are recovering in the hospital" (personal communication, May 30, 2013).
Note: Published interviews can appear in many types of sources (magazines, newspapers etc.). When citing published interviews, follow the guidelines for the type of source it was published in.
What am I legally required to cite in my digital assignment?
According to the Copyright Act, you must cite the sources (images, videos, books, websites, etc.) that you used in your digital assignment (29.21(1)(b)). You must cite the source (where you got the information from) and the creator of the content (if available). You must also make sure that any copyrighted materials you used in your assignment meet the conditions set out in section 29.21 of the Copyright Act. For a list of conditions and more information, you can visit the following useful blog site put out by Seneca College on student copyright: http://studentcopyright.wordpress.com/mashups/
What citation style do I use for the sources in my digital assignment?
There is no one required citation style, so please defer to your instructor's directions and citation style preference.
Where do I list the sources for my digital assignment?
The library lists the following recommendations for how to organize your list of sources for digital assignments. Please check with your instructor first:
Powerpoint you create: List your sources in a slide at the end of the Powerpoint presentation, with in-text citations throughout your presentation as applicable. You could also provide a print copy of the sources you used to those attending your presentation.
Videos you create: List your sources in a credits screen at the end of the video.
Websites you create:
Images you create: If possible list your sources at the bottom or side of the image (example). Otherwise, include a list of citations alongside the image where ever it’s uploaded (e.g. Flickr, Blackboard).
**Please note that the above are recommendations only and your instructor may have a preference and directions for how and where you list your sources for your assignment.**
If you don't receive specific instructions from your instructor, try to include your citations in a way that doesn't impact the design of your digital assignment.
For more information please contact Columbia College Library: library@columbiacollege.ca
Sometimes an author of a book, article or website will mention another person’s work by using a quotation or paraphrased idea from that source. The work that is mentioned in the article you are reading is called the primary source. The article you are reading is called the secondary source.
For example, suppose you are reading an article by Brown (2014) that cites information from an article by Snow (1982) that you would like to include in your essay. For the reference list, you will only make a citation for the secondary source (Brown). You do not put in a citation for the primary source (Snow) in the reference list. For the in-text citation, you identify the primary source (Snow) and then write "as cited in" the secondary source (Brown). If you know the year of the publication of the primary source, include it in the in-text citation. Otherwise, you can omit it.
In-text citation example:
According to a study by Snow (1982, as cited in Brown, 2014), 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework.
Note: If you don't have the publication date of Snow's article, you just omit it like this:
According to a study by Snow (as cited in Brown, 2014), 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework.
In fact, 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework (Snow, 1982, as cited in Brown, 2014).
Snow (1982, as cited in Brown, 2014) concluded that "nightly homework is a great stressor for many students" (p.34).
Reference list citation example:
Brown, S. (2014). Trends in homework assignments. Journal of Secondary Studies, 12(3), 29-38. http://doi.org/fsfsbit
If you are adding an appendix to your paper there are a few rules to follow that comply with APA guidelines: